Matla a sebelisoang tlhahisong ea aluminium ea electrolytic lefatšeng ka bophara a ipapisitse le matla a fanoang ke sebaka ka seng.Har'a tsona, matla a mashala le a fehloang ka metsi a etsa karolo ea 85% ea matla a sebelisitsoeng.Tlhahisong ea lefats'e ea aluminium ea electrolytic, limela tsa aluminium tsa electrolytic Asia, Oceania le Afrika li itšetlehile haholo ka ho hlahisa matla a mocheso, 'me limela tsa aluminium tsa electrolytic tsa Europe le Amerika Boroa li itšetlehile haholo ka matla a metsi.Libaka tse ling li itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa tsona tsa lisebelisoa, 'me matla a sebelisoang ke limela tsa aluminium tsa electrolytic le tsona lia fapana.Ka mohlala, Iceland e sebelisa matla a tsoang mochesong oa lefatše, Fora e sebelisa matla a nyutlelie, ’me Bochabela bo Hare e sebelisa khase ea tlhaho ho fehla motlakase.
Ho latela kutloisiso ea sengoli, ka selemo sa 2019, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea aluminium ea electrolytic e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 64.33, mme tlhahiso ea khabone e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 1.052.Ho tloha 2005 ho isa 2019, kakaretso ea khabone ea lefats'e ea aluminium ea electrolytic e eketsehile ho tloha ho lithane tse limilione tse 555 ho isa ho lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 1.052, keketseho ea 89.55%, le sekhahla sa kholo ea 4.36%.
1. Tšusumetso ea "khabone e habeli" indastering ea aluminium
Ho latela likhakanyo, ho tloha ka 2019 ho isa ho 2020, tšebeliso ea motlakase ea malapeng ea aluminium ea electrolytic e tla ikarabella ho feta 6% ea tšebeliso ea motlakase ea naha.Ho latela lintlha tsa Baichuan Information, ka 2019, 86% ea tlhahiso ea aluminium ea electrolytic ea lapeng e sebelisa matla a futhumatsang joalo kaaluminium e pharalletseng, Kaho extrusion profil ea aluminiumjoalo joalo .Ho latela lintlha tsa Antaike, ka selemo sa 2019, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea carbon dioxide ea indasteri ea aluminium ea electrolytic e ne e ka ba lithane tse limilione tse 412, e leng karolo ea 4% ea tlhahiso ea naha ea carbon dioxide ea lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 10 selemong seo.Ho ntšoa ha aluminium ea electrolytic ho ne ho phahame haholo ho feta litšepe tse ling le lisebelisoa tse seng tsa tšepe.
Setsi sa matla a futhumatsang se iketselitseng sona ke sona se ka sehloohong se lebisang ho khabone e phahameng ea aluminium electrolytic.Khokahano ea matla ea tlhahiso ea aluminium ea electrolytic e arotsoe ka tlhahiso ea matla a mocheso le tlhahiso ea matla a metsi.Ho sebelisa matla a mocheso ho hlahisa 1 tonne ea aluminium electrolytic e tla ntša lithane tse ka bang 11.2 tsa carbon dioxide, 'me ho sebelisa matla a metsi ho hlahisa 1 tonne ea aluminium electrolytic e tla ntša hoo e ka bang zero carbon dioxide.
Mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso ea motlakase oa tlhahiso ea aluminium ea electrolytic naheng ea heso o arotsoe ka motlakase o ikemetseng le motlakase oa marang-rang.Qetellong ea 2019, karolo ea motlakase o iketselitseng limela tsa aluminium tsa electrolytic tsa malapeng e ne e le hoo e ka bang 65%, kaofela e ne e le tlhahiso ea matla a mocheso;karolo ea matla a marang-rang e ne e ka ba 35%, eo ho fehlang matla a mocheso a chesang e neng e etsa hoo e ka bang 21% le phepelo ea matla a hloekileng e etsang karolo ea 14%.
Ho ea ka lipalo tsa Antaike, tlas'a semelo sa "Leano la 14th la Lilemo Tse Hlano" ho boloka matla le phokotso ea tlhahiso ea matla, sebopeho sa matla sa matla a ts'ebetso ea indasteri ea aluminium ea electrolytic e tla ba le liphetoho tse itseng nakong e tlang, haholoholo kamora tlhahiso e reriloeng ea aluminium ea electrolytic. matla Profinseng ea Yunnan e kentsoe tšebetsong ka botlalo, karolo ea matla a hloekileng a sebelisoang e tla eketseha haholo, ho tloha ho 14% ka 2019 ho isa ho 24%.Ka ntlafatso e akaretsang ea sebopeho sa matla a lehae, sebopeho sa matla sa indasteri ea aluminium ea electrolytic e tla ntlafatsoa le ho feta.
2. Aluminium ea matla a mocheso e tla fokola butle-butle
Tlas'a boitlamo ba naha ea heso ea ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon, matla a mocheso a "fokolang" e tla fetoha mokhoa.Kamora ho kengoa ts'ebetsong ha litefiso tsa khabone le taolo e thata, melemo ea lifeme tsa motlakase tse ikemetseng e ka fokotsoa.
E le ho bapisa hantle phapang ea litšenyehelo e bakoang ke ho tsoa ha carbon, ho nahanoa hore litheko tsa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhahiso tse kang anode tse phehiloeng pele le aluminium fluoride li tšoana, 'me theko ea khoebo ea carbon emission ke 50 yuan/ton.Matla a futhumatsang le a fehloang ka metsi a sebelisoa ho hlahisa thane e le 1 ea aluminium ea electrolytic.Phapang ea khabone ea sehokelo ke lithane tse 11.2, 'me phapang ea litšenyehelo tsa khabone pakeng tsa tse peli ke 560 yuan/ton.
Haufinyane tjena, ka ho phahama ha theko ea mashala a malapeng, karolelano ea litšenyehelo tsa motlakase oa limela tse ikemetseng ke 0.305 yuan/kWh, 'me litšenyehelo tse tloaelehileng tsa motlakase oa metsi ke 0,29 yuan/kWh feela.Kakaretso ea litšenyehelo tsa aluminium ka tone e le 'ngoe ea limela tsa motlakase tse iketselitseng li 763 yuan ho feta tsa motlakase oa metsi.Tlas'a tšusumetso ea litšenyehelo tse phahameng, boholo ba merero e mecha ea aluminium ea electrolytic ea naha ea heso e fumaneha libakeng tse nang le matla a matla a metsi sebakeng se ka boroa-bophirimela, 'me aluminium ea matla a mocheso e tla hlokomela phetisetso ea indasteri butle-butle nakong e tlang.
3. Melemo ea aluminium ea hydropower e totobetse haholoanyane
Motlakase oa metsi ke theko e tlase ka ho fetesisa eo e seng matla a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale naheng ea heso, empa matla a eona a ntlafatso a fokola.Ka 2020, matla a naha ea heso a kentsoeng ka matla a metsi a tla fihla ho li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 370, e leng karolo ea 16.8% ea kakaretso e kentsoeng ea lisebelisoa tsa ho fehla motlakase, 'me ke mohloli oa bobeli o moholo ka ho fetisisa o tloaelehileng oa matla ka mor'a mashala.Leha ho le joalo, ho na le "siling" ntlafatsong ea matla a fehloang ka metsi.Ho ea ka liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea mehloli ea naha ea motlakase o fehloang ka metsi, matla a naha ea heso a nts'etsopele ea matla a metsi a ka tlase ho li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 700, 'me sebaka sa ntlafatso sa kamoso sea fokola.Le hoja ntshetsopele ya motlakase o fehlwang ka metsi e ka eketsa karolo ya matla ao e seng a fossil ho isa boholeng bo itseng, ntshetsopele e kgolo ya motlakase o fehlwang ka metsi e fokotswa ke dithuso tsa disebediswa.
Hajoale, boemo ba hona joale ba ho fehla matla a metsi naheng ea heso ke hore merero e menyenyane e fehloang ka metsi e koetsoe, ’me merero e meholo e fehlang matla a metsi ho thata ho eketsoa.Matla a teng a tlhahiso ea matla a metsi a aluminium ea electrolytic e tla ba molemo oa litšenyehelo tsa tlhaho.Profinseng ea Sichuan feela, ho na le litsi tse 968 tse tla huloa le ho koaloa, liteishene tse nyane tse 4,705 tsa ho fehla matla a metsi li hloka ho lokisoa le ho tlosoa, liteishene tse nyane tse 41 tsa motlakase li koetsoe Toropong ea Quanzhou, Profinseng ea Fujian, le liteishene tse 19 tse fehlang matla a metsi li koetsoe. Seterekeng sa Fangxian, Motse oa Shiyan, Profinseng ea Hubei.Liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi le Xi'an, Shaanxi li koaletse liteishene tse nyenyane tsa 36 tsa matla a metsi, joalo-joalo Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse sa fellang, liteishene tse nyenyane tse fetang 7 000 tsa ho fehla matla a metsi li tla koaloa ho elella bofelong ba 2022. Ho hahoa ha liteishene tse kholo tsa matla a metsi ho hloka phalliso, kaho. nako ka kakaretso e telele, 'me ho thata ho haha ka nako e khutšoanyane.
4. Aluminium e nchafalitsoeng e tla fetoha tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang
Tlhahiso ea aluminium ea Electrolytic e kenyelletsa mehato ea 5: merafo ea bauxite, tlhahiso ea alumina, ho lokisetsa anode, tlhahiso ea aluminium ea electrolytic le aluminium ingot casting.Tšebeliso ea matla ea mohato ka mong ke: 1%, 21%, 2%, 74%.le 2%.Tlhahiso ea aluminium ea bobeli e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e 3: pele, ho qhibilihisa le ho tsamaisa.Tšebeliso ea matla ea mohato ka mong ke 56%, 24% le 20%.
Ho ea ka likhakanyo, tšebeliso ea matla ea ho hlahisa 1 tonne ea aluminium e sebelisoang hape ke 3% ho isa ho 5% feela ea matla a sebelisoang ke electrolytic aluminium.E ka boela ea fokotsa phekolo ea litšila tse tiileng, metsi a litšila le masala a litšila, 'me tlhahiso ea aluminium e nchafalitsoeng e na le melemo e totobetseng ea ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa mocheso.Ho phaella moo, ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ho matla ha aluminium, ntle le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale le lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka aluminium, aluminium ha e na ho senyeha ha nako e ntse e sebelisoa, ka tahlehelo e nyenyane haholo, 'me e ka sebelisoa hangata.Ka hona, aluminium e ka sebelisoa hape haholo, 'me tšebeliso ea aluminium ea scrap ho hlahisa li-alloys tsa aluminium e na le melemo e mengata ea moruo ho feta aluminium ea electrolytic.
Nakong e tlang, ka ntlafatso ea bohloeki le thepa ea mechine ea li-ingots tsa aluminium tse sebelisoang hape le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea ho lahla, ts'ebeliso ea aluminium e tsosolositsoeng e tla kenella butle-butle ka har'a liindasteri tsa kaho, puisano, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le liphutheloana, le ho sebelisoa ha aluminium e nchafalitsoeng. indasteri ea likoloi le eona e tla tsoela pele ho hola..
Indasteri ea bobeli ea aluminium e na le litšobotsi tsa ho boloka mehloli, ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka ntle ho lisebelisoa tsa aluminium, tšireletso ea tikoloho le melemo ea moruo.Tsoelo-pele e phetseng hantle ea indasteri ea aluminium ea bobeli, e nang le boleng bo boholo ba moruo, sechaba le tikoloho, e khothalelitsoe le ho tšehetsoa ka matla ke maano a naha, 'me e tla ba mohlōli e moholo ka ho fetisisa tabeng ea ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon.
Ha ho bapisoa le aluminium ea electrolytic, tlhahiso ea aluminium ea bobeli e boloka mobu haholo, mehloli ea matla a metsi, e khothatsoa ke maano a naha, hape e fana ka menyetla ea ntlafatso.Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea aluminium ea electrolytic e na le tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla.Ha ho bapisoa le tlhahiso ea tekanyo e lekanang ea aluminium ea electrolytic, tlhahiso ea 1 tonne ea aluminium e tsosolositsoeng e lekana le ho boloka lithane tse 3,4 tsa mashala a tloaelehileng, li-cubic metres tse 14 tsa metsi, le lithane tse 20 tsa litšila tse thata.
Indasteri ea bobeli ea aluminium ke ea sehlopha sa lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng le moruo oa selikalikoe, 'me e thathamisitsoe e le indasteri e khothalelitsoeng, e thusang mererong ea tlhahiso ea likhoebo ho fumana tšehetso ea maano a naha mabapi le tumello ea morero, lichelete le tšebeliso ea mobu.Ka nako e ts'oanang, mmuso o fane ka maano a maleba a ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea 'maraka, ho hloekisa likhoebo tse sa tšoaneleheng indastering ea bobeli ea aluminium, le ho tlosa bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea morao-rao indastering, ho hleka tsela bakeng sa nts'etsopele e ntle ea indasteri ea aluminium ea bobeli.
Nako ea poso: Jul-21-2022